However, the countryside remained divided with predominately mono-ethnic and mono-religious villages. There was considerable interaction between different religious and ethnic communities, with very high proportion of interfaith marriages in the cities. The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina has always been diverse. Some minority rights were respected, and Tito attempted to control ethnic divisions and to suppress nationalism by means of the one party state. The state structure was organized along ethnic lines. After 1945, Bosnia and Herzegovina was established as a republic within the reorganized Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) under Josip Broz Tito. After World War I, Bosnia and Herzegovina formed a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (after 1929, Yugoslavia), and during World War II it was absorbed within the Croatian Ustasa state. Following an 1878 rising led in the main by Orthodox Christians, Bosnia and Herzegovina was placed under Austrian Habsburg administration and were later annexed by the Habsburg Empire. During the period of Turkish occupation, a part of the population adopted Islam. In the fifteenth century, Bosnia and the neighbouring duchy of Herzegovina were incorporated in the Ottoman Empire. This concept calls on the officials and citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina to take responsibility for the peace process and the problems that their country faces.The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises mainly Slavs who entered the region in the sixth and seventh centuries. Nonetheless, the governing principle of the OHR’s engagement in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the concept of domestic responsibility. Elaborating on Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the PIC requested the High Representative to remove from office public officials who violate legal commitments and the Dayton Peace Agreement, and to impose laws as he sees fit if Bosnia and Herzegovina’s legislative bodies fail to do so. The OHR has also focused on establishing the rule of law, which is the starting point and an essential requirement for progress in all the other areas of reform.Īmong the most important milestones in the peace implementation process was the PIC Conference in Bonn in December 1997. In the economic field, the reconstruction phase, financed under a $5.1 billion World Bank/European Commission program, was largely completed in the years immediately after the war the emphasis now is on reforms that ensure fiscal and economic stability. One of the OHR’s key tasks is to ensure that the institutions function effectively and in a responsible manner. The State and Entity Institutions envisaged in the Constitution were set up after the first post-Dayton elections in September 1996, but it took some time before they started meeting regularly. At the beginning of the peace process, the High Representative chaired a number of joint bodies that brought together representatives of the wartime parties and took care of the initial requirements of the peace process. The OHR’s involvement in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s political life has changed and developed according to its mandate and focus in line with the requirements of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC). Provide guidance to the United Nations International Police Task Force (IPTF).
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